Ib puas xyoo tom qab xibfwb Theodore Harold Maiman tau tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj ruby lasers, lasers uas tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov chaw tau tshwm sim ib zaug. Daim ntawv thov ntawm laser technology tau ua rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv kev kho mob, khoom tsim khoom, kev ntsuas qhov tseeb thiab kev tsim kho engineering, thiab tau ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm kev sib raug zoo.
Nyob rau xyoo 1980s, cov kab teeb laser tau irradiated ntawm cov kab mob ntawm qee yam khoom, thiab cov tshuaj irradiated tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg xws li kev vibration, melting, evaporation thiab combustion. Cov pa phem rau ntawm qhov chaw nws thiaj li tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, ua tiav kev tshem tawm cov pa phem. Txij thaum ntawd los, tib neeg tau pib kawm txog kev ntxuav laser. Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, laser tu tshuab tau txav los ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj mus rau kev tsim cov ntawv thov, thiab ntau lub tshuab ntxuav laser tau maj mam nkag mus rau qib ntawm cov cuab yeej ntse niaj hnub tsim khoom.
1. Kev sib piv ntawm laser tu thiab ib txwm tu txoj kev
Laser tu tshuab yog hais txog kev siv high-frequency thiab high-zog laser pulses rau irradiate nto ntawm lub workpiece. Cov txheej txheej txheej thiab txheej txheej paug tuaj yeem nqus tau sai sai rau lub zog laser tsom, ua rau cov roj, xeb lossis txheej txheej ntawm qhov chaw kom evaporate lossis tev tawm tam sim, thiab tshem tawm sai thiab zoo tshem tawm cov ntaub nplaum los yog txheej txheej. Laser pulses nrog lub sij hawm luv luv yuav tsis ua rau cov hlau substrate puas tsim nyog. Daim duab 1 qhia tau hais tias lub microscopic phenomena ntawm laser ntxuav nyob rau hauv txawv mechanisms ntawm gasification processing thiab micro-cuam tshuam fragmentation.
Piv nrog rau kev tu ib txwm siv, kev tu laser muaj qee qhov zoo uas cov kev tu ib txwm ua tsis tau. Laser tu yog ib txoj kev ntxuav tsis sib cuag uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj me me rau lub substrate. Nws muaj qhov yooj yooj yim, ruaj khov thiab automation yam ntxwv, kev tu zoo, siab precision, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Nws yog "ntsuab" automated tu khoom. Table 1 piv cov txheej txheem ntxuav sib txawv.
2. Cov txheej txheem ntawm laser ntxuav
Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv ntxuav yog txawv, cov khoom tseem ceeb yog qhov zoo sib xws, nrog rau kev tswj hwm lub computer, laser system, beam adjustment system, thiab lwm yam., saib daim duab 2. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov khoom txhawb nqa kuj suav nrog: xws li kev tshem tawm plua plav thiab purification system. , manipulator, laser induced breakdown spectrometer (LIBS), pom qhov system thiab thermal imaging system.
Thaum lub sij hawm tu, lub computer system plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus, uas tswj cov laser thiab kho qhov muag kho qhov system tib lub sijhawm. Lub laser beam kis tau los ntawm fiber ntau optical thiab nkag mus rau lub beam hloov system. Tom qab lub teeb pom kev zoo, qhov chaw txoj kab uas hla mus txog qhov me me thiab ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm cov hlau tu workpiece.
3. Daim ntawv thov dav ntawm laser tu tshuab
Laser tu yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem tu hauv kev tsim khoom, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm xeb, av, xim, carbon deposits, thiab ntau yam txheej. Nws tau siv dav hauv ntau yam xws li aerospace, tsheb ciav hlau, microelectronics, kev tiv thaiv kab lis kev cai thiab kev kho mob, raws li qhia hauv daim duab
4.Pre-welding thiab tom qab vuam tu
Laser tu tshuab tuaj yeem siv dav hauv kev vuam ua ntej thiab tom qab vuam tu cov ntaub ntawv hlau xws li txhuas alloys, titanium alloys, stainless hlau, thiab kub-kub alloys, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm qhov tsis xws luag xws li suav nrog thiab qhov pores. Tom qab vuam, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv rau tom qab vuam oxidation tu, kom cov oxide txheej tsim thaum lub sij hawm vuam tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm dua los kho cov xim hlau.
Lub laser tu tshuab tau siv hauv zos los ntxuav cov anodic oxide zaj duab xis ntawm aluminium alloy, thiab cov vuam vuam kuaj phaj yog pob tw welded. Lub weld zoo tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kev kuaj X-ray, thiab cov qauv metallographic tau soj ntsuam thiab tshuaj xyuas. Cov nyhuv ntawm kev tshem tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm vuam tau raug kuaj los ntawm chav ntsuas kub tensile. Raws li pom hauv daim duab 4, cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov anodic oxide zaj duab xis tau ntxuav kom huv si, lub zog tensile ntawm aluminium alloy sib koom ntxuav los ntawm laser yog 298 ~ 303 MPa, thiab tensile elongation ntawm tawg yog 6.2% ~ 6.5%. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm laser-cleaned weld tau zoo ib yam nrog cov txheej txheem kev sib tsoo vuam. Th
